Hair Color Dictionary

Activator: Oxidizer added to increase strength by adding hydrogen peroxide.

Ammonia: Active in opening up cuticles to allow the color molecules to
penetrate into cortex. The higher the ammonia level, the more the
cuticle is opened.

Balayage: A free-form technique that involves painting a lightener
directly on hair to enhance a style or for in-between highlight touch-ups.

Base color: Dominant tone of hair.

Booking time: Time needed for salon service.

Bleach: Lightning agent used to lighten or de-pigmatize hair. Removes
color molecules from hair.

Brighten/intensify: To lighten half a layer and deposit a
complimentary tone. Generally with demi-permanent color or soft
highlights.

Color Type: The color that most compliments your skin.

• Warm/Spring: Bright and clear yellow undertones compliment spring’s
  best. Primary color: yellow.
• Warm/Autumn: Warm with gold and orange undertones. Earth tones. Combination of primary colors: yellow and red that make gold.
• Cool/Summer: Soft, cool with violet blue undertones.
  Combination of primary colors: blue and red.
• Winter: Vivid clear and icy with pure blue undertones.

Color filler: Replacement pigments/color molecules used to rebuild the
hair pigment lost due to sun or prior colorings, to create even shading prior to color.

Color or tint removers: Products used to remove artificial pigment
from the hair.

Colorist: Person trained to apply hair color.

Complimentary colors: Primary, secondary or tertiary colors that
support each other and are adjacent to each other on the color wheel,
(ie. yellow would be a complimentary color to gold).

Consistency:

1. Evenness of tone or hair color.
2. Thickness or viscosity of color product applied.

Contributing pigment or remaining pigment: Pigment that comes out when
hair is lightened. It can also be called an undertone.

Cortex: Middle of three layers of the hair, which contains the melanin
where hair color exists.

Coverage (100% complete coverage): Refers to the amount of grey that
can be covered. For example, permanent color is 100%, demi-permanent
is approximately 70%, semi-permanent is 50% coverage.

Cuticles: The first of three layers in the hair.

Delivery method: The method chosen to apply color (i.e. bottle brush,
foil technique, balayage).

Demi-Permanent color: Color with little or no peroxide or ammonia,
used mostly to deposit color. Also used to lighten hair for shading.

Developer: Oxidizing agent added to hair color to develop color molecules and create a color change in the hair. It is generally 20 volume for permanent, 5 volume for demi-permanent.

Deposits: Color molecules entering the cuticle that create a change in
color or tone.

Dramatic: A change in hair color, lightness, brightness, or tone that
alters the way we see ourselves or how we are seen.

Double Process Coloring: Coloring process that involves two steps: 1)
prelightening of the hair, 2) depositing of color and tone.

Duration (color duration): The amount of time a color lasts.

Enhance: To bring out someone’s features using coloring technique by
changing the hair color in lightness, brightness or tone.

Features: Bone structure, eyes, mouth, neck, cheekbones, etc. that hair stylists want to draw attention to.

Foil technique: Highlighting technique using foils to keep color
separate from the rest of hair, used to lighten and enhance styles and overall color.

Foundation: Color left in the hair after it goes through ten stages of
decolorizing.

Formula: Color or combination of colors used in dyeing hair.

Free-hand highlights: see Balayage.

Frequency (Frequency of Application): The average time in between coloring.

Hair color: Color of hair created by nature.

Haircolor: Professional term referring to artificial hair color products and services.

Hair lightening: Chemical process involving defusing or the taking
away of the natural color pigment or artificial color of the hair,
bringing the hair to a lighter level.

Highlights: Lightening of individual strands of hair to add the
illusion of sheen and depth and create movement.

Highlighting shampoos: Mixture of shampoo and peroxide to slightly
lighten hair color.

Highlighting shampoo tints: Hair colors mixed with hydrogen peroxide
and shampoo used for subtle changes in hair or when the hair is very
reactive to color.

Intensity (color intensity): Strength of color tone.

Law of color/Universal law of color: All colors are created from the
three primary colors-yellow, blue, and red.

Level: Unit of measure used to identify the lightness and darkness of
hair color.

Level system: Scale of one to ten, one being darkest, ten being
lightest, of hair color.

Lightness: Products with chemicals used to decolorize or lighten the hair.

Line of demarcation: The visible line that appears when hair grows
out, separating colored hair from new growth.

Lowlights: Depositing color into separate strands of hair, creating
dimension and movement. Also used to decrease the amount of grey
visible in hair.

Maximum Lift: The amount of lightening possible in different hair coloring techniques. For example, single process has four levels of lift, demi-permanent has a half level of lift, double-process can lighten hair ten levels.

Medulla: The center of the hair shaft.

New growth or re-growth: The amount of uncolored new hair that grows
in after the hair is colored.

Patch test: Test usually given in the crux of the elbow or behind the
ear to test for sensitivity or allergies to any product used on thescalp.

Penetration: The degree of entry gained by color as it enters the
three levels of the hair shaft.

Permanent hair color: Hair color containing ammonia and peroxide that
creates a sustained change in the hair and penetrates all three layers of the hair.

Peroxide (AKA. developer or hydrogen peroxide): Ranges from 100% to 1%
to enhance lightening and oxidation in the hair shaft to remove hair color or deoxidize the hair.

Pigment: Melanin Protein bonds found in the cortex (the middle layer of the hair) that gives hair its color.

Primary colors: Red, yellow, and blue. All colors are created from these three.

Range (color range): Refers to the seasonal color chart and the colors
that compliment your skin to make it look its best. Yellow: spring; gold/red/yellow combination: autumn; blue: winter; blue/red combination: summer.

Resistant: Stubbornness in hair, which inhibits penetration of products or chemicals, limiting the change or slowing the process of hair coloring. This can also occur from the over-coloring or over-depositing of hair color.

Secondary colors: They are created by adding equal parts of one primary color to another primary color.

Semi-Permanent: Hair color that partially penetrates the cuticle and is partially washed out after each shampoo.

Shade: An increment of measure in each level of hair color. There are 4 shades in each level.

Single-process hair color: Refers to coloring that colors and or lightens hair in one step.

Soften: To lighten hair less than one level.

Sun-kissed: Highlighting created by the sun or subtle highlights imitating those created by the sun.

Technique or special effects hair color: Form of application, such as balayage, foil, or single-process.

Temporary Color: Non-permanent color that doesn’t penetrate the cuticle, allowing it to be removed by shampoo.

Tertiary colors: Combination of primary and secondary colors, such as red and green (mixture of yellow and blue).

Tone: The warmth or coolness of the hair.

Toners: Any hair color applied to lightened hair to achieve specific
shades and levels of hair.

Touch up: The application of hair color to re-growth.

Ultra-dramatic: An extreme change in color more than four levels, and
generally a combination of highlights and lightening or darkening.

Virgin application: First time hair is tinted.

Weaving: When you separate strands, apply color to them and keep them separate from the rest of the hair.